The Tale of Salm and Tur and the Age of Heroes

Literary Return
English

The Tale of Salm and Tur and the Age of Heroes

Even though, after those two rulers, Shalmaneser and Ashur out of Nineveh, the men we call today Salm and Tur, drove their cavalry hard against Iran, still the champions of those days, like Garshasp and Nariman, like Sam the horseman, and Qaren, and Akman the elephant-bodied, and Zal too, and Mehrab who broke armies, like Rostam, who became the heart of the legend, whom the ancients gave the title Dastan, Zavareh, Faramarz, and old Keshvad, and Sirank the king, that quick-witted warrior, and Zav, who lifted up Zabolestan high, and made all of Sistan a flowering garden, like Tahmasp, who was the father of Zav, though the Shahnameh calls him Tahamtan, perhaps, of the Kariman line there was none but him, and only Sam, the dread of waters, besides. Sarand the blessed, and Farrokh the Turk, Shamasas and Atrad became a great cause. like Gudarz, who was the lord of Lahore, like Kahram, from whom Jahrom got its name, perhaps, and Khom Baba, whose name was Hum, whose land and homeland lay in Ahvaz. Such champions, full of glory and strength, who sent their clamor up to the turning sky, in the time of collapse they were the brave ones, they were the keepers of Iran through their manhood. At times they fought against the Assyrians, at times they charged beyond the river's far side. Whoever cannot manage the Dari tongue has called that far bank by the name Afrasiab. Like the Oxus, when they wrote it down, they took that river to be the one called Jahn. And Shideh, whose people were of Shita, were a match for the folk beyond the river. That horde kept charging against Iran, and all its people grew worn down by them. In all that turmoil the brave men of Iran, on every side like ravening lions, guarded that royal throne of greatness, which in those grand days stood empty of kings. As Garshasp battled in the land of the Hindus, Semiramis came away from him wounded. He fought with the renowned Ramses, whom they call today Sirus-Seris. Perhaps this battle was at Arachosia, which the free man has called the Hindu Kush. And the famous Hakhamanesh too, who was Cyrus's seventh forefather, rode from Babylon all the way to Nineveh, and ruled over the people of Elam.
Explanation: The poet identifies legendary Shahnameh heroes with historical figures and places, equating Salm and Tur with Assyrian kings and matching mythic battles to real geography like Arachosia and the Hindu Kush. 'The far side of the water' (faraz-e ab) is offered as the true sense behind the name Afrasiab.

Original · Persian

بخش ۱۱ - احوال سلم و تور و عصر پهلوانی

اگرچه پس از آن دو فرمانروا شلمنصر و آتور از نینوا
که امروز خوانندشان سلم و تور بر ایران همی تاختندی ستور
ولی پهلوانان آن روزگار چو گرشسب و نیرم چو سام سوار
همان قارن و اکمن پیلتن دگر زال و مهراب لشکر شکن
چو رستم که او شد سر داستان لقب کرد دستان ورا باستان
زواره فرامرز و کشواد پیر چو سیرنک شاه آن یل تیز ویر
همان زو که افراخت زابلستان همه سیستان ساخت چون گلستان
چو تهماسب که اوزاب را بد پدر تهمتن به شهنامه خواندش مگر
کریمان به جز او نبوده است کس همان سام سهم آبان است و بس
سرند همایون و فرخ تورک شماساس و اترد شد سبب بزرگ
چو گودرز کاو بد کدور لاهور چو کهرم که جهرم ازو بد مگر
همان خوم بابا کش بدی نام، هوم در اهواز بودی ورا مرز و بوم
چنین پهلوانان با فر و زور که بر چرخ گردون رساندند شور
در ایام فترت دلیران بدند به مردی نگهدار ایران بدند
گهی رزم به آتوریان ساختند گهی بر فراز آبیان تاختند
کرا از زبان دری نیست تاب فراز آب را خوانده افراسیاب
چو جیحون که او را چو بنگاشتند مران رود را جهن پنداشتند
همان شیده که اقوام شیتا بدند به قوم فراز آب همتا بدند
بر ایران همی تاختند آن گروه همه مردم آمد از ایشان ستوه
دلیران ایران درین دار و گیر زهر سو به کردار درنده شیر
نگه داشتند آن سریر مهی که گاه مهی بد زشاهان تهی
چو گرشسب کوشد به هندو دیار سمیرامس از وی بشد زخم دار
بجنگید با نامور رامسیس که خوانندش امروز سیروسریس
به «ارکوشیا» بد مگر این نبرد که هندوکشش خوانده آزاد مرد
همان هاکهامانش نامور که سیروس را بود هفتم پدر
زبابل همی تاخت تا نینوا به آلامیان بود فرمانروا